Impact Of Public Health Of Domestic Violence - 847 Words

The impact of public health of Domestic Violence in United States. The violence against women is a global health problem of epidemic and unpreventable circumstances. Domestic violence doesn’t have a controlled policy because it can extend into the society with devastating effects on its victims and costs that ripple across the economy. The two major reasons that the issue are being addressed by policy are not enforced in actions. First reason is that every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaulted or beaten is highlighted and impossible to comprehend (Domestic Violence Statistics,2014). In addition to the recent studies have revealed violence against women also has a high economic cost in this country. The consequence of implemented laws as Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) in 1994 does not reduce the domestic violence issues in the recent studies. The analysis of the the domestic violence policy has improved the program developments, enforced the criminal justice sentences, an d designed the new guidelines in federal laws. Historically, in the federal level, Congress signed the Crime Bill, enacted legislation empowering the federal government to participate in the fight against domestic violence in 1994. At the same time, Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was newly established in 199, with additions passed in 1996, outlined grant programs to prevent violence against women and established a national domestic violence hot-line. The laws looked promising and firstShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Violence Against Women Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesthe World Health Organization, The United Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life (WHO Fact Sheet, 2016, para. 1).† There are many terms used to describe violence. The term domestic violence usually refers to interpersonal violence in a domesticRead MoreFamily Violence : A Serious Social Problem Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesFamily violence is a serious social problem that affects many families around the world. It is defined by the University of Michigan as situation that occurs â€Å"when a person uses physical violence, coercion, threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, emotional abuse, sexual abuse or economic abuse to control another partner in a relationship† (â€Å"Understanding Abuse†). This includes any kind of behaviour that might make the other person feel scared, threatened and fearful for their safety. AccordingRead MorePrimary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Care for Domestic Violence1427 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Nursing Interventions to Combating Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Jason Holt, RN Grand Canyon University NRS429V Diana Anderson, RN, MSNEd, CMSRN August 27, 2010 Domestic Violence: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Nursing Interventions Approximately 2 million American women are assaulted each year at the hands of their intimate partner and an estimated 1,200 are murdered as a result of intimate partner abuse (BlackRead MoreDomestic Violence is a Global Issue1347 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although thereRead MoreDomestic Violence Intervention Project : Ellen Pence1543 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Ellen Pence, also known as the â€Å"mother of domestic violence intervention† and â€Å"rockstar of the battered women’s movement† was a social activist for battered women, helped build the foundation of batterer programming with the Duluth model (also known as the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project (DAIP)), which assisted in connecting the concerns of criminal justice officials and advocates by developing a â€Å"Power and Control Wheel† (Gondolf, 2010, p. 992). She also created the CoordinatedRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Phenomenon1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence is considered a global phenomenon; research suggests that up to fifty percent of women worldwide have been physically abused by their intimate partner. Domestic violence can be defined as an incident or threatening behavior regarding violence or abuse between adults who are or have been considered intimate partners (Bradbury-Jones, C., Duncan, F., Kroll, T., Moy, M., Taylor, J. 2011, p 35). Domestic Violence is a serious and prevalent health issue that affects victimsRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review will also reveal how domestic violence affects children as well as the mental health of its victims. In addition, this chapter will include the AfrocentricRead MoreDomestic Violence As A Public Health Problem Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence as a public health problem is studied from an epidemiological perspective. Epidemiology is the core of public health, providing insight into the causes, prevalence, and control of disease in populations. Partner abuse is defined, risk factors, prevalence, and consequences are addressed from both the civilian and military perspectives as it relates to the batterer, spouse, and children. Most of what is known about domestic violence from a scientific perspective are through a civilianRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1456 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence is violence between intimate partners. Intimate partners can be people who live together or people who are currently dating or have dated in the past. â€Å"Perhaps a better definition of domestic viol ence is emotional abuse, physical abuse, or sexual abuse between people who have at some point in time had an intimate or family relationship.† (AAETS). Emotional abuse is when an intimate partner has continuously criticized you, manipulated you with lies, and humiliated you in public orRead MoreThe United States Department Of Justice Defines Domestic1466 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States Department of Justice defines domestic violence as â€Å"a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another in timate partner.†(President’s Proclamation 2016). Domestic violence includes verbal, physical, sexual, or psychological attacks, even economic coercion. Bancroft et al. (2002 p.1)have claimed that 7 million or more children being exposed by acting of domestic violence each year in United States. Many of this

The Debate Regarding the Use of Native American Mascots...

Teams in every sport, at every level of competition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that represents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen as a mascot have any impact on whether a team wins or loses? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Why all the controversy? The dispute over whether Native American mascots should be used as a team symbol dates back to the 1970’s (Price 2). There are those who are passionately against Native American mascots. These advocators insist that Native American mascots are degrading to†¦show more content†¦Thus, it seems odd to suggest that naming a team after an Indian tribe is a calculated insult. A team or school embraces a mascot that represents the favorable traits and characteristics of its members. Such is the case with the Florida State Seminoles, who are named after a tribe with its origin in that southern state. The Seminole tribe optimistically favored the use of the Indian mascot and even facilitated the design of authentic dress that is proudly worn at sporting and community events. Similar to the Seminoles, the University of Illinois preserved their mascot, Chief Illiniwek, for almost 80 years. Named after the indigenous Illiniwek tribe, the Chief was a customary sideline figure a t football and basketball games until 2007 when the NCAA forced the University of Illinois to remove this historic mascot. Unfortunately, the collegiate governing body failed to realize what this symbol meant to the collegiate Illinois community. Illini students were polled regarding the action and a majority disapproved of the decision. Sixty-nine percent of the students voted to keep Chief Illiniwek as their mascot. (Haugh). These students believed that removing Chief Illiniwek as the University of Illinois’ mascot would diminish the passion associated with their university. After the forceful removal of the Native American mascot by the NCAA, the students feltShow MoreRelatedEssay on Native American Mascots Are Racist594 Words   |  3 Pagessport, at every level of competition, have a mascot. It is the mascot that represents the competitive spirit and team identity, motivating players and fans alike. Does the symbol chosen have any impact on whether a team wins or lose s? Unlikely. But the choice of a Native American mascot continues to ignite debate and controversy among athletes, fans and alumni, as well as those people who might otherwise be disinterested in sports. Utilizing an Indian mascot is nothing more than a veiled attempt atRead MoreAmerica is known for being a melting pot of cultures throughout the world that came together in our1400 Words   |  6 Pagesand way of living with them. As America has become more multicultural, the views on the use of certain stereotypes, racial language and references to characteristics of a certain group of people have changed. This raises interesting discussion points that people should have so that we can understand each other as Americans better. To me, interesting conversations arise from sports team nicknames and mascots. As different groups move throughout different parts of the country, what our society looksRead MoreRace Is a Significant Factor in Identification of Individuals and Groups1493 Words   |  6 Pages273). Inferential racism or naturalised racism is most commonly found in pop culture specifically in television and movies. In his analysis of British television and movies Hall explains that there are three characters African Americans tend to play, the â€Å"slave†, â€Å"the native† and â€Å"the clown or entertainer† (Hall, 276). In present day these particular versions have changed but they still hold the same traces (Hall, 277). An example of these modern black characters would be the â€Å"gangster or hood-rats†Read MoreReed Supermarket Case32354 Words   |  130 PagesKingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any afï ¬ liation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN 978-0-273-72622-7Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagess Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"MarketingRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesand they have used that strength to put pressure on prices. Whereas a decade ago, the manufacturer largely controlled information, retailers are now collecting vast amounts of information and developing models to use it. As a result, there is an increasing focus on margins and efficient use of space. Suppliers, particularly those in the third or fourth market-share position with only modest loyalty levels, are exposed to harsh pressure to provide price concessions. A decade ago, private-label brands

A Study On Urban Conservation - 1463 Words

In our twenty-first century, urban conservation has become an inescapable element of the way cities remake themselves ( Pendlebury and Strange, 2011). Since at least the 1960s, urban conservation is a concept that has been with the UK (Rodwell, 2007), but the start of conservation in different countries has different situation. Compared with the UK conservation, conservation in China begins relatively late. In this essay, the studying area is in China. By learning from the UK conservation principle, the theoretical knowledge and the practical experience based on the lectures and references, this essay aims at the actual situation of historic site and discusses the conservation theme for it. A Brief Introduction of the Site At the beginning steps for a conservation area, it is importance to understand its values and assess its significance (English Heritage, 2008). The historical site for this essay is Wanzi Block in Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China. At first, the city Yangzhou with more than 2500 years of history and profound cultural heritage is designated the State Historical and Cultural City by the State Council of PRC. Then Wanzi Block which is located at the centre of old town has been one of the four historical and cultural blocks of Yangzhou. This block covers 32.5 hectare. Traditional handicraft industry and businesses gathered here in the past. The name of Wanzi Block is from this block’s core alley -- Wanzi Alley. From the plane view, this alley is diagonalShow MoreRelatedA Study On Ruins Conservation On The Urban Landscape Values And Significance Of Heritage Conservation Essay2061 Words   |  9 Pagesused. To begin with, the study involves a literature review focused on three main topics: ruins conservation in the urban landscape; values and significance in heritage conservation; and ruins authenticity and design intervention. The study looks at definitions, discourses, and problems occurred within the heritage field. Furthermore, the study involves multiple-case studies to understand the similarities, to explore differences and draw comparisons between case studies; with the goal to reproduceRead MoreAchieving Conservation Goals With Urbanizing Landscapes1172 Words   |  5 PagesSynopsis: Achieving Conservation goals with Urbanizing Landscapes Goal of the Study: To help Conservation biology realize that they need to embrace urbanizing ecosystems; to consider designing a protected area of network in NJ highlands; to apply the costs of obtaining land and integrating this land into a protected urban area and to observe the performance of a long stand preserved urban area in central university in terms of its biodiversity protection. Rationale: Urban areas should not beRead MoreConsequences of Urban Sprawl701 Words   |  3 PagesSince the development of cities, urban sprawl has reached unprecedented levels and is expected to continue to increase at an alarming rate. Urban areas are highly modified environments that undergo significant structural changes (fragmentation, degradation and loss of habitat), increased disturbance (noise, light pollution, human activities) and amplified pollution (gases, fine particles, heavy metals. Thus, urban life imposes difficult and restrictive condition that can have detrimental effectsRead MoreFunding Recreational Areas Into The Scholarship1279 Words   |  6 PagesBeyond conservation then, lies the sense that historians have frequently neglected to incorporate how preservation of specific recreational areas into their scholarship. This is vital considering that without this frame of reference, conservation is lost within the idea that it is separate from nature. As an attemp t to explain this neglect is the awareness that â€Å"One group of critics has suggested that the complexity and stochasticity of natural processes invariably complicate attempts to preserveRead MoreIs Captivity Detrimental On Global Animal Ecology And Health? Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesactivists claim that captivity is abusive, but animal entertainment organizations, such as zoos, circuses, and animal theme parks, promote environmental health through ecological education of children and adults as well as funding research for conservation. During SeaWorld commercials, orcas and sea lions playfully splash around in crystal blue waters. Likewise, zoos display animals in beautiful habitats, yet many of the animals’ natural habitats are depleting due to â€Å"acid rain, ozone depletionRead MoreGlobal Warming And Enhance Indoor Environment Quality1410 Words   |  6 PagesSince urban rapid expansion and highly developed, buildings and constructions became intensive. CO2 and Green House Gases (GHG), which have caused the climate change in urban areas, are emitted to the atmosphere caused by the increasing of building constructions. The temperature in urban areas become higher than the rural areas, which is Urban Heat Islands (UHIs). The phenomenon of urban warming degrades environmental quality and would further cause the global climate change. In order to create aRead MoreConservation Of Public And Private Partnerships1395 Words   |  6 PagesObserving conservation through various approaches supplies historians with a platform upon which to evaluate their arguments and evidence, while delving into the very essence of the conservation movement. Applying the Progressive Movement as the inception for conservation history, historians have clearly accorded the individuals in the bottom-up approach with a voice, rather than perpetuating an elitist view of the past. Additionally, the utilization of public/private partnerships as a method toRead MoreThe Benefits Of Trees And Many Ways Trees Make Our Lives Better? Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscuss the benefits of trees to quality of life in urban areas, the benefits trees provide to rural and agricultural settings, and I want to tell you about my personal experience learning about trees. In many urban cities, there is often limited green space and almost no larger blocks of trees. Sometimes there may be a park, but it is common to see a city made of concrete and steel. Nik Heynen of the University of Georgia at Athens states, â€Å"Urban trees positively affect the quality of life.† I recentlyRead MoreWater Conservation And Its Effects On American Urban Cities Without Wasting Too Much Money And Drastically Changing Lifestyles Of1342 Words   |  6 PagesWater Conservation How do we stabilize the use of water in American Urban cities without wasting too much money and drastically changing the lifestyles of people? When it comes to water conservation, there are two types of changes that are looked upon. There are little changes in the lifestyles of people and there are changes using technology. Within the two, the majority of people look at changes using technology, such as desalination and water recycling. In the other end, mostly environmentalistsRead MoreHistory Of California Agriculture Water And Its Effect On The Economy Of California1614 Words   |  7 Pagesagriculture water is need because it water has major effect in the economy of California; in turn water is needed for the agriculture to prosper. In a result, regulations and laws are established in order to preserve water. The purpose of Water Conservation is to maintain fresh water as a viable resource. To manage water is important for current generations and future generations. There are different types of things that affect how much water is used for example, population, household size and etc

Rhetorical Devices In The First Oration With Catilia

After the French and Indian war, the British monarch decided to tax the colonies to pay off the debts from the recent war. Taxes were placed on nearly everything the colonists needed or could sell. This angered the colonists, thus tensions were rapidly rising between the colonists and the British monarch. Many considered the concept of independence a radical idea and very dangerous. Others were tired of being taken advantage of the British. A man by the name of Patrick Henry believed it was time to fight for independence. He further expressed his thoughts through a speech given at the Virginia Provincial Convention. This speech was similar to another speech written by a man called Marcus Cicero, in the way it used rhetorical elements to†¦show more content†¦In this case Henry is asking the colonists to ask themselves what they want, and if they would want to live life at the expense of their freedom. He’s trying to get the colonists to understand the difference betwee n liberty and freedom. Liberty is fought for and is a cause for freedom. Liberty also, is being allowed to do something. Freedom is to be rid of being under the control of something or something. We are free to speak, bear arms and to choose our religion, as a result of the Bill of Rights that was later written. The principles and rights listed in the Bill of Rights were ideas that Henry was trying to get the colonists to fight for. Henry is able to effectively cause the colonists take into account that he is asking the colonists to fight for freedom from the British monarchy and government. Another example would be in the second paragraph of his speech. â€Å"Is this the part of the wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation?† (Henry 102). Here Henry is asking if the colonists are willing to fight in a possibly long and difficult battle for their worldly freedom from a higher authority. He wants the colonists to think about their actions and if they are going to stand to the side and let the British government take away their rights. In this way he is able to get

Groups graphs and surfaces Free Essays

Graphs, Groups and Surfaces Introduction In this paper, we will discuss the interactions among graphs, groups and surfaces. For any given graph, we know that there is an automorphism group associated with it. On the other hand, for any group, we could associate with it a graph representation, namely a Cayley graph of presentations of the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Groups graphs and surfaces or any similar topic only for you Order Now We will first describe such a correspondence. Also, a graph is always embeddable in some surface. So we will then focus on properties of graphs in terms of their relation to surfaces. Thus, by using the Cayley graphs to describe a group, we can talk about the embeddability of a group. In this way, we see that we can talk about the geometries of a group by looking at their Cayley graphs. Another useful geometric tool to analyze groups is the Dehn diagram. Therefore, in the last section, we will give some comments on how graph theory may be helpful to Dehn diagrams of Coxeter groups. 2 Cayley Graph of Group Presentations In this section we will see how Cayley graphs correspond to a particular presentation of a group and how the properties of a group are reflected in the Cayley graphs. Definition 2. 1. Let G be a group How to cite Groups graphs and surfaces, Papers

Reflective Diary free essay sample

In this reflective diary view, I will introduce myself and then an introduction about my topic. I have done diploma in general nursing midwifery from India . After the study I acquired 3year of experience from a super speciality hospital in New Delhi. During the time of my career I came to know that having a degree in hand could give me a good future. So I joined in a collaborative degree programme (BSc (Hons) Nursing) with Inscol academy and John Moores University in Liverpool. Through this assignment of enhancing academic development given me an opportunity to reflect my experience and problem analysis by Gibbs model of reflection. In addition I use the SWOB analysis (strength, weakness, opportunity and barrier) technique to discuss my capabilities. Everyone have their own strengths and weakness, I also have some weakness and strengths. Reflection is a strategy for learning from experience, which requires active, conscious engagement of the learners. Margerate. M . Plock (2008). It means examination and exploration of an issue of concern to help create or clarify meaning. Reflection helps move thought from an existing situation and connect initial understanding with deeper understanding. (Perry. 2000). Gibbs model has six steps to discuss situation-description, feelings, valuation, analysis, conclusion and action plan . I will use these six steps to aid my reflection. Description Steps: In this description I am using Gibbs model of reflection, now I am in the part of a collaborative programme for BSc (hons). The study is entirely different from before I experienced. The main different is it is an independent study by using books, journal, article, internet, researches and tutorials and the assessment depend on presentations, writing materials and by seen and unseen examinations. The ultimate object of this study is one should have very good IT skills because all the study is carried out through the computers. Unfortunately I was very poor to use the computers, in making files, slides and saving files, and unfamiliar in searching articles, but I have an eager to get success. As the part of my study I take it as a challenge. Feeling Steps: Gibbs second steps discuss about the thoughts and feeling faced at that moment. I understood that situation was very hard for me to overcome. As the part of my study the main challenges I faced in searching articles from blackboard that only can do through the computer. Blackboard is the library of Liverpool John Moores University, the almost all articles should be taken from there. The searching of articles and savings of searched items were very difficult to me. On the first attempt I make sure that it was very tough for me and achieving my goal is only a dream. On the other hand, I am very shy to ask my simple doubts to my friends because of my poor knowledge and that situation I thought to give up my studies in the earlier stage. But my rethought showed me the facts that the advanced world technologies go through the computers, even children also have the very good basic knowledge and skill in advanced technologies. On going through the stressful days I took it as an opportunity for learning and get success, That was an unforgettable and hard working days for me. Evaluation Step: The situation reflection mainly taken place through the third step of Gibbs model of reflection so, it is very important. In this I evaluate the good and bad experiences about the situation. Firstly, I fully dedicated my thoughts for the place where I am back in using IT skills and pick it. Teachers are very helpful and approachable so I put my problems in front of them. They are ready to clarify my simple doubts and helped me a lot. As the part my input I did a lot of hard works in classroom and home. Through my hard work increases my confidence for attentending my classes and handling computers. I have learned a lot of new things through the daily practice and it helped me to enhance my knowledge in my field. I have picked up the knowledge where I am back, mainly in searching blackboards articles and do searching in medical and nursing site. It also helped me in improving my study levels and makes me more confident and easier. Here I am assessing my first stage and that position it is understood that I was improved a lot with the help of teachers and through the hard work. Now I am able to handle the studies that needs IT skill. However, I am not perfect in IT skill, some of the area that needed for my studies that only I achieved. The advanced IT technology developed day by day and it give the long way to be catch up. Analysis Steps: Through the fourth step of Gibbs model encourages the reflector to make sense of situation by analysing steps. In modern world the advanced technologies are increased day by day and the lives are dependent on computer. In the education field as well as in professional field the use computers are necessary for communicating, storing data’s and for each and every thing. Analysing me showed that I am good in keeping interpersonal relationship but in others it may varied some of them have good IT skills and others have good communication skill. Everyone have their own limitations also so they have the responsibilities to overcome the limitations by analysing capabilities. The circumstances might be a cause for happening it, as early as possible it should be identified and try to overcome the limitations. Conclusion Steps: In the fifth step of Gibbs model I will describe my conclusion of the event. I was very poor in the IT skill in the first time and I got the awareness of the need of IT skill in my studies, so I did a lot of hard work for improving my IT skill. Now I am able to perform my studies using computers and help to update my knowledge. I got help from teachers and friends whenever I needed. The more practices in computer helped me to enhance the knowledge. Action Plan Steps: Action plan step is the last step of Gibbs model of reflection. I would like to continue my IT skill practices throughout my career. If any barriers occur in my life against IT skill, n I am able to handle situation because the first event used to make the second event more efficient. If I do the hard work then only I can achieve goal. SWOB Analysis: SWOB analysis helps everyone to get the overall view about our self. Through this step analyses the strength, weakness, opportunities and barriers. Conclusion: Let it concluded that the collaborative programme is really helpful for developing my IT skill through the Gibbs model of reflection. Through the reflective study I got chance to describe my feelings and analysing my strength and weakness. Gibbs reflective method developed my IT skill as well as enhances the knowledge level also.

Information Security for Authentication- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInformation Securityfor Biometric Authentication. Answer: Relevant Technologies in Biometric Authentication The idea of biometric authentication is associated with an array of technologies that are either applicable or have already been applied in biometric authentication. One such technology is the finger print authentication technology, which involves either vision based pattern matching or detection of minutiae. Critical to the discussion is the fact that Gaur, Shah, and Thakker (2012) reveal that the technology relies on concepts such as the ultrasonic method, the thermal technique, capacitive sensors, and optical techniques. Another biometric technology is the facial recognition system, which recognizes of a persons face from a digital image or recording. Like the fingerprint technology, the facial recognition technology relies on other concepts. Specifically, the technology relies on either the 2D or the 3D facial recognition concept in addition to the mapping of specific features such as the length of the jaw, nose width, and the distance between eyes. Iris recognition relies on the uniqueness of every persons iris for authentication. The technology may involve image segmentation, matching, acquisition, and localization. Another technology is the hand geometry and palm print, which utilizes features such as the length, width, and hand patterns for authentication (Deka, and Bakshi, 2015). Analogously, the hand vein-pattern recognition falls in the category of biometric systems and relies on image collected from the veins of an individuals hand for recognition and authentication. Another technology is retina recognition, which relies on the patterns of blood vessels that are visible and unique in every persons eye. It is notable that the technology in question relies on an infrared light, the acquisition, matching, and presenting the outcome in form of a template. The last technology is the palm print and hand geometry recognition technology that relies on features such as the width and finger length, perimeter, and diameter of the p alm for recognition (In Information Resources Management Association, 2016). Applications of the Technologies For instance, the government is known to record the details of every individual within her authority in order to provide services to those individuals. As a result, citizens and tourists are always forced to carry identification documents because it is almost impossible to access certain services without the mentioned documents. This is a disadvantage because identification documents are always misplaced or forgotten unexpectedly. Regardless, the emergence of biometric systems of authentication could provide a solution to the problem in question. This owes to the reality that biometric systems of identification could identify an individual based on the natural traits. For instance, the fingerprint biometric system requires and individuals fingerprints to authenticate whether a person is who he/she claims to be. It follows that the government could benefit from implementing biometric authentication because the system will eliminate the use of identification documents. Commercial organizations could also benefit from biometric authentication if the technology is applied appropriately. For instance, mobile phone manufacturers could implement biometric authentication in place of the traditional passwords used for mobile phone encryption. As evidenced, Trewin, Swart, Koved, Martino, Singh, and Ben-David (2012) reveal that biometric systems of authentication are memorable and fast to use than traditional passwords. The same authors also reveal that the technology ensures that only the user can use the mobile phone for improved security. In a different study, Jaina, Nandakumar, and Ross (2016) reveal that forensic experts could use biometric technology. Specifically, the authors argue that the technology could be used to collect evidence for analysis and provide the analyzed evidence before a court of law. In short, biometric authentication could be applied in forensics, commercial areas, and government agencies. Vague Areas of Biometric Authentication Apparently, biometric authentication promises improvements in technology because it improves on the current mode of authentication. The technology is vague in certain aspects, which hampers its rapid development. Specifically, the technology is vague in some legal aspects such as the difference between personal data and sensitive data. This owes to the reality that use of biometric templates results in storage of data that is not required in the authentication system. It follows that some practitioners scare from implementing the technology citing that the technology is legally vague. Further, the accuracy of biometric authentication is in question because studies reveal that biometric authentication is insecure (Naveed, and Batool, 2015). Moreover, the security concerns associated with biometric issues raise eyebrows on whether the technology is safe for human consumption. It follows that studies should be conducted to clear such issues before the technology can be fully embraced. Research Questions Evidently, biometric authentication offers some promising prospects in technology, but implementation of the technology is currently hampered by vagueness in the technology and calls for research on the following questions. Can biometric system of authentication be restricted to the collection of data that is required for authentication? Can the accuracy of biometric systems of technology be improved? Can the security of biometric systems be improved? References Doshi, A., and Nirgude, M. (2015). Biometric Recognition Techniques. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Networking, Wireless and Mobile Communications, 2(1): 143-152 Deka, G. C., and Bakshi, S. (2015). Handbook of Research on Securing Cloud-Based Databases with Biometric Applications. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference In Information Resources Management Association. (2016).Biometrics: Concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications. Hershey: Information Science Reference Jaina, K. A., Nandakumar, K., and Ross A. (2016). 50 years of biometric research: Accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities. Pattern Recognition Letters, 79: 80105. Retrieved from https://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/GeneralBiometrics/JainNandakumarRoss_50Years_PRL2016.pdf Naveed, G., and Batool, R. (2015). Biometric Authentication in Cloud Computing. Journal of Biometrics and Biostatistics, 6(5): 1-3. Retrieved from https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/biometric-authentication-in-cloud-computing-2155-6180-1000258.pdf Trewin, S., Swart, C. Koved, L., Martino, J., Singh, K., and Ben-David, S. (2012). Biometric Authentication on a Mobile Device: A Study of User Effort, Error, and Task Disruption. Retrieved from https://researcher.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-kapil/ACSAC12.pdf

Literature Reviews in Academic Writing

Literature Reviews in Academic Writing Courtesy: frankellawyers.com.au Undergraduate and postgraduate students do literature reviews as part of a wider body of work or as a standalone paper. Don’t confuse this with an essay or thesis, however. Literature reviews have a distinct purpose in academic writing. What it a literature review? An academic essay, paper, or thesis argues a topic using credible sources to back up the argument. A literature review is a research, analysis, and critical commentary on those very sources. It can be an embedded introduction in your paper, or relevant parts of the review can appear in relevant sections of the paper. Why do a literature review? Reasons for doing a literature review include: To improve your own understanding of the essay  topic which you choose for a research paper. To update the reader on current views on a subject. Those who critique your findings or who take an interest in your research should have enough contextual data to follow your theories. To show gaps in existing findings. When there is minimal knowledge on a subject, or none at all, tertiary education students have the chance to fill the gap with sound, well-researched material. What it is not The review is not an essay. It does not: Prove or develop main points. This is done in the paper it is supporting. Argue a topic. It presents findings, compares different fields of thoughts on the topic, and proposes further studies. Merely summarize a list of sources. Selecting sources When doing a literature review for an academic paper, wide or narrow topics result in too much or too little source material. The first step, therefore, is to make sure the topic of a research paper is suitably focused. A strong paper is supported by credible, peer-reviewed sources. This means that school textbooks and a large portion of online content are weak foundations on which to base your work. These contain a broad range of information and have little, or no, academic assessment. Search for strong literature in: Journals Academic databases Dissertations Government and respected bodies reports and studies University libraries Monographs Empirical studies Suggested readings from your academic advisor Investigate the sources cited by authors within their own reports. This will yield further data on your topic. Choosing material for inclusion The literature review proves that the research conducted is valid. The source material must: Cover all the vital areas of your topic Identify inadequacies in existing research Point out areas lacking research Reveal a need to update current research Because of the quantity of information, as well as time limits and deadlines, you must be able to locate relevant data efficiently. Skim and scan texts for content that supports your work. Use keyword searches in electronic databases. As you accumulate information, make notes on thoughts and reactions and critique findings systematically. Remember to record the necessary details for complete citations of facts and quotes used in your paper. Organizing a literature review The review follows an introduction, body, and conclusion structure. There are different ways to organize the commentary on the collection of sources. The most popular systems are chronological and topical. Chronological organization presents an analysis of the oldest to most recent studies. Topical organization groups findings by themes, or common issues they address. You can also arrange work in order of importance. Whichever system you choose, make sure: The organization system is apparent Headings and paragraphs distinguish findings The relationship between the review and the topic you are researching is clear Key studies are highlighted Transition words and summaries show progress from one study, or group of studies, to the next Writing a literature review Before writing, collect adequate data that has been analyzed, criticized, and compared. Forming the backbone of your research paper, the review should cover every appropriate angle that gives cause to your work. Refine content, as appropriate, to form a comprehensive and strong report that lends weight to the research you have undertaken. It must: Show that you have a thorough understanding of your own topic Cover all essential aspects of the topic Clarify key terminology Critique research findings and their presentation Expose opportunities for future research It is easy to lose focus because of the abundance of available information. A lack of clarity on the central topic blurs the point of the review, and if objectives are unclear, outcomes fall short. Therefore, employ critical thinking and questioning techniques, such as Boolean logic, to stay on the right track.